Rockhampton, Queensland

Rockhampton
Queensland
Rockhampton from Mt Archer.jpg
Rockhampton, as seen from Mount Archer
Rockhampton is located in Queensland
Rockhampton
Population: 76,729 (June 2009 Resident Population - geographical boundaries)[1] (25th)
Established: 1858
Postcode: 4700, 4701, 4702
Elevation: 11.3 m (37 ft)
Time zone: AEST (UTC+10)
Location: 636 km (395 mi) NW of Brisbane
LGA: Rockhampton Regional Council
Region: Capricorn Coast
State District:
  • Rockhampton
  • Keppel
Federal Division: Capricornia
Mean Max Temp Mean Min Temp Annual Rainfall
28.3 °C
83 °F		 16.6 °C
62 °F		 795.0 mm
31.3 in

Rockhampton is a city and local government area in Queensland, Australia. The city lies on the Fitzroy River, approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the river mouth, and some 600 kilometres (370 mi) north of the state capital, Brisbane.

The 2006 census recorded the Rockhampton Statistical Subdivision population to be have a population of 74,530 people. Rockhampton hosts a significant number of governmental, community and major business administrative offices for the central part of the state.

Rockhampton experiences over 300 days of sunshine each year,[2] which lends itself to tourism activities all year round and an abundance of outdoor activities. Popular attractions include Riverbank Parklands, a riverfront parkland attraction located on the banks of Fitzroy River; the Capricorn Coast, the coastal strip between Yeppoon and Emu Park and Great Keppel Island, a large neighbouring island off the Capricorn Coast, the vast majority of which is national park.

Contents

History

Quay Street, Rockhampton in 1912, taken from the Riverbank. The old Fitzroy River Bridge can be seen in the background.

The Rockhampton district is the traditional home of the Darumbal Aboriginal people.[3]

The European history of the area began in 1853, when the area that would become Rockhampton was visited by the Archer brothers Charles and William, who were seeking grazing lands. They were acting on information from earlier expeditions by Ludwig Leichhardt and Thomas Mitchell, who had explored the area in 1844 and 1846 and noted suitable land for grazing then.[4]

In January 1854, the New South Wales Government proclaimed two new districts: Port Curtis and Leichhardt (roughly today's Fitzroy Region), and settlement began in earnest in 1855.[5]

The Fitzroy River provided a convenient waterway for shipping of supplies for those who followed them, and a settlement grew on the riverbanks just downstream of a bar of rocks which prevented further upstream navigation from the coast. These rocks were incorporated with the traditional English term for a village, and the name "Rockhampton" was born around 1856, though was not proclaimed officially until 25 October 1858.[5]

In the 1880s and 1890s, sea ports were established on the coast, adjacent to the mouth of the Fitzroy River. Broadmount was on the northern side and Port Alma on the south. Railways were subsequently constructed to carry goods to the wharves at these locations, the railway to Broadmount opening on 1 January 1898 and the line to Port Alma opened on 16 October 1911. Maintenance on the Broadmount line ceased in August, 1929. The following month, the wharf caught fire and the line was effectively closed in July, 1930. The line to Port Alma closed on 15 October 1986.[6]

Like many other Australian cities, Rockhampton's fortunes were assured with the discovery of gold, in this case at Canoona to the north. Later, the significant gold deposit at Mount Morgan to the southwest was discovered, and Rockhampton became a service town for the local area. The early tents and shanties were slowly replaced by more substantial buildings. The first school, The Rockhampton National School was opened in 1859. The historic streetscape of Quay Street still displays a number of substantial historic buildings, built when Rockhampton was envisaged as being capital of a state of North Queensland. Most prominent of these is the sandstone Customs House (1900), which today houses an information centre. Other important nineteenth century buildings include the Post Office (1892), the Supreme Court House (1888), and St Joseph's Cathedral (1892).

The City of Rockhampton was proclaimed in 1902.[7]

A passenger tramway began operating on 16 June 1909, making Rockhampton the only provincial city in Queensland to have a street tramway.[8]

Purrey steam trams ran on a number of routes throughout South Rockhampton, totalling 10 kilometres of track. The discomfort of passengers riding in steam trams in a tropical climate in part led to their demise in 1939, replaced by a bus network run by the City Council.[9]

During the Second World War, a US army base was established outside the city; it hosted up to 70,000 servicemen en route to action in the Pacific Ocean and New Guinea.[10]

The Fitzroy River Barrage was commissioned in 1971. The barrage has a capacity of 81,300 megalitres and holds back a lake 60 kilometres long.[11] The barrage was funded by the City Council to provide a reliable source of water to the city, and to effectively drought proof Rockhampton.

In 2003, Rockhampton was the centre of significant national media interest after local teenager Natasha Ryan was found in her boyfriend, Scott Black's North Rockhampton home after being missing for five years. Ryan had been presumed to be murdered.[12][13][14][15]

Governance

Rockhampton is governed by the Rockhampton Regional Council. The Council consists of a mayor and ten councillors. The Mayor is elected by the public, and the Councillors are elected from ten single-member divisions (or wards) using an optional preferential voting system. Elections are held every four years. Brad Carter is the current mayor, having won the mayoral election in March 2008, for his first term.

The Rockhampton Regional Council local government area consists of four former local government areas. The first was the original City of Rockhampton, consisting of the Rockhampton City region as listed above. The second was the Shire of Livingstone (comprising of the Capricorn Coast and Byfield). The third area was the Shire of Fitzroy, (comprising Gracemere and smaller surrounding towns), and the fourth area was the Shire of Mount Morgan, (comprising the town of Mount Morgan.)

Before the time of the 2008 amalgamation, Rockhampton City had a population of approximately 74,530, Livingstone Shire approximately 28,266, Fitzroy Shire approximately 11,357, and Mount Morgan Shire approximately 2,925 people.

Geography

Tropic of Capricorn monuments in Rockhampton. (Photo taken in 1970)
The Tropic of Capricorn monument in Rockhampton. (Photo taken in 1970)
Location of Rockhampton in Queensland (red)

Rockhampton lies just north of the Tropic of Capricorn in Central Queensland. A sculpture originally marking the latitude was later moved into town to be more accessible to tourists. Although the Tropic of Capricorn is represented on maps as a "dotted line" that lies at 23° 26' 22", there is actually a bio-geographical overlap of Tropical and Temperate zones more than 500 km wide; Rockhampton is roughly at its centre on the East Coast of Australia.

The city is located on the banks of the Fitzroy River, approximately 40 kilometres from the river mouth. The Berserker Range lies on the eastern side of the city, with the Athelstane Range to the west. The coastal area to the east of the city is known as the Capricorn Coast, with the rapidly growing town of Yeppoon its major centre.

Suburbs

Rockhampton is made up of a number of suburbs or neighbourhoods, including:

Economy

Grazing is still a dominant industry in Central Queensland. Two large abattoirs are located in the Rockhampton area. Due to a long term drought and general economic conditions, one of these facilities has experienced a number of closures over the years and was closed from 2002 until 2004, but has now reopened. The Gracemere Saleyards, one of the largest livestock sales facilities in the country, lies just to the west of the city. Rockhampton promotes itself as the Beef Capital of Australia[16]

Queensland Rail has a large workforce in the city, which is the meeting point for the main north coast rail line and the line to the major coalfields to the west. Enormous coal trains regularly pass from the west to the coal port of Gladstone to the south. The coal fired 1440 megawatt Stanwell Power Station lies 30 kilometers west.[17]

Tourism is increasingly playing a role in the development of city and surrounds. The city is a convenient distance north from Brisbane to provide an overnight stop for tourists, who can then branch out to visit local attractions. The Capricorn Coast is a 30 minute drive from Rockhampton, with the islands of the Keppel group easily accessible from there.

To the north of the city lies the extensive Shoalwater Bay Military Training Area, where large scale ground, air and amphibious operations can be conducted. A detachment office of the Singapore Armed Forces has been based in Rockhampton since 1995.[18]

Retailers

Rockhampton has many large retailers, including a Coles, Woolworths, Big W, Target, Harvey Norman, JB Hi-FI, Kmart, Mitre 10 Home & Trade, Bunnings.

Culture, events and festivals

The Rockhampton region has many renowned festivals, celebrating some of the various international cultures that call the region home. The annual Multicultural Festival (held at the Heritage Village) and CQU Open Day held at the CQUniversity, showcases hundreds of market stalls and displays, international foods, music and cultures are popular with the locals and tourists alike.[19]

The Annual "Big River Jazz" is a three day program showcasing a variety of jazz bands from the 12–14 September.[20]

The city also has a vibrant pub and night-club scene, many of them located in Denham Street. Local and national music groups can often be found performing live in these venues. The East and Denham Streets streetscape was renewed in 2002 and now caters for sidewalk dining at many new cafes located in the street.

The Pilbeam Theatre, seating 1200 people, and is host to many national and international music & comedy shows, as well as sporting and trade shows. Since its opening in 1978, the Theatre has been a centre of entertainment and performing arts, providing an environment to further develop the performing arts in Rockhampton and the region.

Rockhampton Events Information, can be found on this site: Rockhampton Events on e-Rockhampton.com.au.

Climate

Rockhampton experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa/Cwa). The city is situated on the Tropic of Capricorn and lies within the southeast trade wind belt, too far south to experience regular north west monsoonal influence, and too far north to gain much benefit from higher latitude cold fronts. Typical daytime temperature ranges are 32 max 22 min in the summer /wet season and 23 max 9 min in the winter/dry season.

Rockhampton lies within the cyclone risk zone and the area is subject to summer thunderstorms. There is a high incidence of winter and early spring fogs. Maximum temperatures in the low to mid 40's have been recorded in October to March. The Fitzroy River at Rockhampton has a long and well documented history of flooding with flood records dating back to 1859. The highest recorded flood occurred in January 1918 and reached 10.11 metres on the Rockhampton gauge. The two most recent major floods occurred in January and March 2008.[21] The highest recorded official temperature in Rockhampton was 45.3 degrees Celsius.[22]

Climate data for Rockhampton
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 42.5
(108.5)		 43.3
(109.9)		 42.1
(107.8)		 35.4
(95.7)		 32.6
(90.7)		 32.3
(90.1)		 30.6
(87.1)		 33.3
(91.9)		 37.1
(98.8)		 41.1
(106)		 45.3
(113.5)		 41.3
(106.3)		 45.3
(113.5)
Average high °C (°F) 31.9
(89.4)		 31.3
(88.3)		 30.5
(86.9)		 28.8
(83.8)		 26.0
(78.8)		 23.4
(74.1)		 23.1
(73.6)		 24.7
(76.5)		 27.3
(81.1)		 29.6
(85.3)		 31.2
(88.2)		 32.1
(89.8)		 28.3
(82.9)
Average low °C (°F) 22.1
(71.8)		 22.1
(71.8)		 20.8
(69.4)		 17.9
(64.2)		 14.2
(57.6)		 10.9
(51.6)		 9.5
(49.1)		 10.6
(51.1)		 13.5
(56.3)		 17.0
(62.6)		 19.5
(67.1)		 21.2
(70.2)		 16.6
(61.9)
Record low °C (°F) 16.3
(61.3)		 16.2
(61.2)		 11.0
(51.8)		 4.7
(40.5)		 2.9
(37.2)		 -1.0
(30.2)		 -0.9
(30.4)		 -0.3
(31.5)		 3.4
(38.1)		 7.0
(44.6)		 9.4
(48.9)		 10.2
(50.4)		 -1.0
(30.2)
Precipitation mm (inches) 127.6
(5.024)		 143.0
(5.63)		 95.5
(3.76)		 44.4
(1.748)		 48.1
(1.894)		 39.0
(1.535)		 29.6
(1.165)		 27.6
(1.087)		 23.1
(0.909)		 50.2
(1.976)		 69.8
(2.748)		 101.4
(3.992)		 799.0
(31.457)
Source: Australian Bureau of Meteorology[23]

Attractions

The Rockhampton Art Gallery collection, also owned by the Rockhampton Regional Council, is situated next to the Pilbeam Theatre and consists mainly of works by Australian artists from the 1940s to the 1970s.[24] Plans have been released to redevelop the downtown art gallery into a shopping haven with a new fully glass-walled 2-storey art gallery, a new 16-storey hotel and a 16-storey apartment/office block right behind it. The Pilbeam Theatre will not be affected by the construction.[25] Established in 1869, the Rockhampton Botanic Gardens are located on Spencer Street in South Rockhampton. Excellent specimens of palms, cycads and ferns are found throughout the manicured grounds. Some specimens are over 100 years old.

Rockhampton Zoo is located between the Botanic Gardens and Murray Lagoon. Animals and birds include Koalas, Chimpanzees, Saltwater Crocodiles, Freshwater Crocodiles, Red Kangaroos and the rare Cassowary.

A second public garden, the Kershaw Gardens, was officially opened in 1988 on the site of the former Rockhampton rubbish dump. Located on the Bruce Highway in North Rockhampton, these gardens specialise in Australian native plants, especially those of Central Queensland. The most striking feature of the gardens is the imitation waterfall constructed on the northern boundary of the site (adjacent to the highway), which aims to recreate a scene from the Blackdown Tableland.[26] The Dreamtime Cultural Centre is Australia's largest Cultural Centre[27] and is set on more than 12 hectares of land, with native plants, trees and waterfalls. The major points of interest at the Dreamtime Cultural Centre include the Torres Strait Islander village, Didgeridoo playing, Djarn Djarn dancers, and throwing the returning boomerang.

The Archer Park Steam Tram Museum covers the development and history of rail-based transportation in the major central Queensland town of Rockhampton and is set in the 100 year-old Archer Park rail station on Denison Street on the city's southside. The museum tells the story of Archer Park Station (built in 1899) and the unique Purrey Steam Tram, through photographs, soundscapes and object-based exhibitions.

The tram is believed to be the only one of its kind in the world, and is a wonderful relic of Rockhampton's tram history dating back to 1909.[28]

Rising out of Rockhampton's north-eastern suburbs, Mount Archer National Park provides views of the city, and showcases a range of native Australian flora and fauna. Frazer Park, at the summit of Mount Archer, is approximately 604 metres above sea level.

The Rockhampton Heritage Village is an active township museum, where visitors can experience Rockhampton's rich and colourful history. The Heritage Village features the Time After Time clock collection, and the History of the Rockhampton District, Life before electricity, and Hospital exhibitions and a Vintage car collection.

Health

The Rockhampton Hospital, Rockhampton is situated in the suburb of The Range, and is located around 4km from Rockhampton City, and is the major hospital for the Central Queensland Region. The smaller Hillcrest and Mater private hospitals are located nearby. The Australian Red Cross Blood Service is located across from the Base Hospital on Canning Street.

Rockhampton is a base for the Royal Flying Doctor Service and the Rescue Helicopter which operates clinics and provides emergency evacuations in remote communities throughout the region.

Shopping

Rockhampton is home to 7 shopping centres, all of which include national major tenants and retail outlets. All shopping centres have 7 day trading as of January 2010:

Education

Rockhampton is a major education centre for the region and has numerous state and private primary and high schools.

Primary/Prep

Secondary

Tertiary

Transport

Rockhampton is an important transport hub in the Central Queensland region. Rockhampton provides important transport links between the Central Highlands and Capricorn Coast regions and the areas to the north and south of the state. Rockhampton Airport is essential to the viability of the tourism industry.

The Rockhampton region is well serviced by the National and State highway system, with the city being located at the main junction of the coastal highway, the Bruce Highway, the central western highway, the Capricorn Highway, and the Rockhampton Hinterland is serviced by the Burnett Highway. Driving time is seven and a half hours from Brisbane to Rockhampton, Central Queensland's Tourism Hub.

Rockhampton is also served by long distance coaches to Brisbane in the south, and as far as Cairns in the North. Daily services operate into Rockhampton with Greyhound Pioneer Australia. The Hinterland and Central Highlands are also serviced daily by Rothery's Coaches, Pacific Coaches and Emerald Coaches.

An extensive bus services are operated by Capricorn Sunbus, which operates under the QConnect public transport system. Two bus interchanges are located in Rockhampton City through which the majority of services operate. Service include most parts of the city, Parkhurst in the north to Allenstown and Depot Hill in the south and to The Range and Lakes Creek in the west

Rockhampton has one major taxi company, Rocky Cabs who service the City of Rockhampton, Gracemere, and also some services in Yeppoon and Emu Park.

Rockhampton is located on the North Coast railway, and is the terminus of the electrified section of line from Brisbane. The line north of Rockhampton station runs along the middle of Denison Street. The Electric Tilt Train service travels from Brisbane to Rockhampton six days per week, with Rockhampton also a stop on the Diesel Tilt Train service to Cairns.

Rockhampton Airport is operated by Rockhampton Regional Council and is located 6 km (3.7 mi) west of Rockhampton City. It is Australia's twelfth busiest domestic airport. The airport handles flights to major Australian cities, tourist destinations, and regional destinations throughout Central Queensland. It is an important base for general aviation serving the Central Highlands and Capricorn Coast commununities. The Airport is also a base for the Royal Flying Doctor Service and the Rescue Helicopter.

Long Distance services
Inbound Service Outbound
Mount Larcom The Sunlander St Lawrence
Mount Larcom Electric Tilt Train terminus
Mount Larcom Diesel Tilt Train St Lawrence
Mount Larcom Spirit of the Outback Duaringa

Infrastructure

Water

The catchment area of the Fitzroy River is approximately 145,000 square kilometres (almost the size of England). It contains six major rivers, and Rockhampton and Central Queensland accordingly enjoy abundant good water. The existing and future dams under construction ensure on-going needs for agriculture, industry and domestic purposes are met. The Fitzroy River Barrage at Rockhampton separates tidal salt water from upstream fresh water, and provides the supply for Rockhampton's domestic and industrial needs.[29] Rockhampton cities tap water is also treated with fluoride.

Power

Central Queensland's major generating facilities, including the Stanwell, Gladstone and Callide power stations, produce the majority of the State's power. Queensland's newest and most technologically advanced powerhouse at Stanwell, 28 km west of the city, came on line in 1993. The Stanwell facility is a key element in the State's program to expand electricity supply and is a major exporter of power station technology.[30]

Media

Rockhampton has a number of newspapers.

Radio

Callsign Frequency Owner
4RO 990 kHz AM Prime Television
Zinc 927 1584 kHz AM Prime Television
Sea FM 101.5 MHz FM Southern Cross Media
Hot FM 107.9 MHz FM Southern Cross Media
Triple J 104.7 MHz FM ABC
Radio National 103.1 MHz FM ABC
ABC NewsRadio 105.5 MHz FM ABC
ABC Classic FM 106.3 MHz FM ABC
ABC Capricornia 837 kHz AM ABC
4YOU 98.5 MHz FM Community
4US 100.7 MHz FM Community
Kix Country 92.7 MHz FM Country (?)
4TAB 99.9 MHz FM UNiTAB Limited
Vision FM 87.6 MHz FM UCB Australia


Television

Rockhampton is serviced by four commercial stations and one non-commercial station.

Rockhampton's local news service, WIN News, presented by Paul Taylor, Dave McLenaghan and Peter Byrne is screened every weeknight at 6:30pm on WIN Television, broadcast from the RTQ studios in North Rockhampton. On weekends, news is relayed from the Nine Network, Brisbane.

Seven Queensland and Southern Cross Ten have a physical presence in Rockhampton, but local news programs do not exist on these channels. Instead, they carry news bulletins from Brisbane's Seven Network and Network Ten. Southern Cross Ten also screens many local updates throughout the day, broadcast from their Canberra studio.

Sports teams

Notable residents or persons born in Rockhampton

Name of resident Year of Birth/Death Notable For
Leanne Benjamin 1964 Ballet Dancer - Principal dancer with the Royal Ballet in London.
JTS Bird Born in England Author of 'The Early History of Rockhampton'
Gerard Brennan 1928 Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia
George Curtis 1845–1922 Queensland and Australian politician
William Knox Darcy 1849–1917 Mining magnate and founder of British Petroleum
Jamie Dwyer 1979 Field hockey- gold medal in 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens
Frank Forde 1890–1983 Prime Minister of Australia
Vince Gair 1901–1980 Premier of Queensland
Paul Hoffmann 1970 Sportsman (Cricket) - Australia Country representative 1993 and Scottish Saltires Cricket World Cup 2007
De-Anne Kelly 1954 Politician
William Kidston 1849–1919 Premier of Queensland
Mark Knowles 1984 Sportsman, Field hockey
Rod Laver 1938 Sportsman, Tennis
Grant McLennan 1958–2006 singer-songwriter and co-founder of independent Australian band, The Go-Betweens
Anna Meares 1983 Cyclist - 2 times Olympic gold medal winner
Kerrie Meares 1982 Cyclist
Scott Minto 1973 Sportsman, Rugby League - Brisbane Broncos
John Moore 1936 Politician
Matthew Robinson 1980 Actor/Performer - Starred in Pippin, appearances in Blue Heelers, Stingers, Pratt Prize winner
Anthelme Thozet 1826–1878 botanist and ethnographer
Kenrick Tucker 1957 cyclist, 1978 Commonwealth Games Gold and Silver Medallist
Rhys Wesser 1979 Sportsman, (Rugby League - South Sydney Rabbitohs)


Sister city

References

  1. ↑ "3218.0 - Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2006-07". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2008-03-31. http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/DetailsPage/3218.02006-07?OpenDocument. Retrieved 2008-07-19. 
  2. ↑ Rockhampton Lifestyle Rockhampton Regional Council - Accessed 4 June 2008
  3. ↑ McDonald, L: "Rockhampton - A History of City & District", page 1. Rockhampton City Council, 1995
  4. ↑ McDonald, L: "Rockhampton - A History of City & District", pages 17 & 18. Rockhampton City Council, 1995
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 McDonald, L: "Rockhampton - A History of City & District", page 19. Rockhampton City Council, 1995
  6. ↑ The Port Railways of Rockhampton Kerr, John Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, August, 2001 pp283-306
  7. ↑ History of Rockhampton City Council Rockhampton City Council - Accessed 20 September 2007
  8. ↑ History of Purrey Steam Trams Rockhampton City Council - Accessed 5 June 2008
  9. ↑ Brimson, S: "The Tramways of Australia", page 169. Dreamweaver Books, 1983
  10. ↑ Catholic Leader online
  11. ↑ Fitzroy River Barrage Fitzroy River Water - Accessed 21 September 2007
  12. ↑ 'Cupboard girl' will never reveal her secret | NEWS.com.au
  13. ↑ Twelve months' jail for runaway helper - National - theage.com.au
  14. ↑ Natasha Ryan's secret still in the closet | The Courier-Mail
  15. ↑ Media Watch
  16. ↑ Rockhampton also claims to be more than just the Beef Capital of Australia Beef Australia - Accessed 20 September 2007
  17. ↑ Stanwell Power Station Stanwell Corporation Ltd - Accessed 20 September 2007
  18. ↑ MINDEF - News - Minister for Defence Mr Teo Chee Hean Visits Australia from 28 to 29 November 2006 (27 Nov 06)
  19. ↑ Multicultural Festival and CQU Open Day
  20. ↑ Big River Jazz Rockhampton Tourism and Business- Accessed 4 June 2008
  21. ↑ CBoM - Rockhampton Climate
  22. ↑ Rockhampton weather data at BOM
  23. ↑ "Climate statistics for Rockhampton". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_039083.shtml. Retrieved 10 May 2009. 
  24. ↑ Rockhampton Art Gallery Rockhampton Regional Council - Accessed 16 March 2008
  25. ↑ [1] Art Gallery Redevelopment - Accessed 12 May 2008
  26. ↑ Kershaw Gardens Rockhampton Regional Council - Accessed 16 March 2008
  27. ↑ [2] Dreamtime Cultural Centre- Accessed 12 May 2008
  28. ↑ Archer Park Railway Station Rockhampton Regional Council - Accessed 24 April 2008
  29. ↑ Rockhampton Water Infastructure Rockhampton Regional Council - Accessed 23 June 2008
  30. ↑ Rockhampton Power Infastructure Rockhampton Regional Council - Accessed 23 June 2008

External links

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